Bart Has Two Mommies/References

Trivia

 * Marge calls herself a "Star Wars" after making a Darth Vader mask out of a paper plate.
 * Revealed: Mr. Teeny's real (monkey) name is Louis.
 * Flanders used to run an internet company called FlanCrest Enterprises, yet in this episode he is scared of computers.
 * Rod makes a paper plate mask of Todd and vice versa. This may be a reference to a Simpsons Halloween Comic, in which Rod dresses up as Todd and vice versa.
 * Maude Flanders is shown looking down on her sons from heaven, saying "My little boy is growing up." Maggie Roswell voiced her, but was uncredited in the premiere airing. When it reaired, the credits were amended to include her name.
 * When Marge speaks to Ned, she consults a Flanders-English dictionary, and Ned uses an English-Simpson dictionary.

Cultural references

 * The title is a reference to the children's book Heather Has Two Mommies.
 * Homer thinks the title creatures from Gremlins will be at the animal retirement home.
 * Antonio Fargas makes an appearance as Huggy Bear (from Starsky and Hutch), who has mistakenly been caged in the animal retirement home. This is not Huggy Bear's first appearance on The Simpsons, but it's his first speaking role. In "Homie the Clown", we saw "The Son of the Guy who played Huggy Bear."
 * Homer yells "Springfield High football rules!", paraphrasing a famous line from Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure.
 * The scenes where Rod is struck by fear of heights parody Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.
 * Toot-Toot carrying Bart up the church steeple parodies King Kong.
 * Ode to Joy was the music played when Rod and Todd got accustomed to the unconstrained see-saw.
 * When Ned is covering his backyard with foam for safety of Rod and Todd, he sings a parody of the song "Welcome to the Jungle" by Guns N' Roses about making the yard safer.
 * The Hamburglar reconciles differences with Mayor McCheese; both popular McDonalds children's characters.
 * As Homer is crunched and mutilated as he goes through a series of gears "Powerhouse" by Raymond Scott plays on the soundtrack. This was a signature tune used by Carl Stalling in many of his Warner Brothers cartoons, and later by Richard Stone. The sequence, visually, is also a tribute to Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times.
 * In the same scene, which takes place in an old mill, his rubber duck barely escapes being crushed by the rotating gears. This scene is a tribute to the Disney classic "The Old Mill".